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A more versatile cellular delivery system for adenosine was
2024-03-13
A more versatile cellular delivery system for adenosine was generated by engineering mouse embryonic stem cells to lack both Oligomycin A of Adk (Fedele et al., 2004). Using a step-wise differentiation protocol (Okabe et al., 1996) Adk−/− ES cells were differentiated into transplantable adenosine-re
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Matrix metalloprotease inhibitors are increasingly available
2024-03-12
Matrix metalloprotease inhibitors are increasingly available and tested for other indications in clinical trials. The present study suggests that either ADAM10 or TACE inhibition alone will not maximally restore leukocyte Axl function. We found that lower doses of ADAM10/TACE inhibitors exhibit simi
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br Research perspective In vitro and in vivo
2024-03-12
Research perspective In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that increased LPA/ATX signaling contributes to cancer initiation and progression. Recent findings on the role of non-tumoral ATX in cancer progression and metastasis highlighted a new functional contribution for the microenviron
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vx 765 The acidification of endocytic compartments is
2024-03-12
The acidification of endocytic compartments is closely related to endocytic activity, although the mechanism linking acidification and membrane dynamics is largely unknown. In a recent RNA interference (RNAi)-based screen, V-ATPase depletion blocked the formation of clathrin-coated vesicles, an effe
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br Structure of V ATPase
2024-03-12
Structure of V-ATPase V-ATPase is a highly conserved multi-subunit enzyme that uses energy from ATP hydrolysis to transport protons across membranes [2], [3], [4]. It consists of two major functional domains, V1 and V0 (Fig. 1). The former has eight different subunits (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H)
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Apoptosis signal regulating kinase ASK also referred to
2024-03-12
Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1, also referred to as MAP3K5)(Ichijo et al., 1997) participates in many different stress responses, including apoptosis (Chang et al., 1998, Chen et al., 1999, Ichijo et al., 1997, Kanamoto et al., 2000, Noguchi et al., 2008, Saitoh et al., 1998, Tobiume et
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion
2024-03-12
Materials and methods Results Discussion Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and chronic lung disease and its typical features include Gemcitabine synthesis proliferation, epithelial injury, chronic interstitial inflammation, increased extracellular matrix (ECM) production, and collapse of
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Angiogenesis refers to the formation of new
2024-03-12
Angiogenesis refers to the formation of new blood vessels from pre-existing vasculature [1]. Physiological angiogenesis is necessary for key processes such as wound healing, tissue regeneration and repair. In pathological conditions, including cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, cancer, and other pat
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Introduction Cardiovascular disease is the principal cause
2024-03-12
Introduction Cardiovascular disease is the principal cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Prednisone (1). Comprehensive management of these patients includes not only adequate glycemic control but also attention to additional recognized risk factors. Hypertension is a cardiovascular r
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To date attention has been directed towards new
2024-03-12
To date, attention has been directed towards new molecular targets in luminal phenotype (ER-positive), such as CDK4/6 and, to a lesser extent, androgen receptor (AR) pathways [8]. While the role of CDK4/6 has been elucidated and their inhibitors have shown a benefit in luminal BC, the role of AR in
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7026 The findings from our previous study
2024-03-12
The findings from our previous study indicate that mitochondrial biogenesis of astrocytes is increased under experimental septic condition [25]. Recent studies have shown that IL-6 can activate AMPK by increasing the concentration of AMP [26], while AMPK regulates mitochondrial biogenesis and autoph
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion The transc
2024-03-12
Materials and methods Results Discussion The transcriptional activity of PGC-1α is regulated by a number of stimuli, exemplifying the range of settings in which mitochondrial biogenesis is induced. The mechanisms governing this regulation have been extensively studied and have been determin
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br Role of AMPK in inflammation signaling Pro inflammatory
2024-03-12
Role of AMPK in inflammation signaling Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), activate Ikβ kinase (IKKβ), which phosphorylates IκBα, triggering the degradation of proteasomal IκB. This liberates active nuclear factor kB (NF-kB) to translocate i
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Introduction Lipoxygenases LOXs are key enzymes that catalyz
2024-03-12
Introduction Lipoxygenases (LOXs) are key enzymes that catalyze the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) such as arachidic Ispinesib (AA), linoleic acid (LA) and others unsaturated fatty acids (Brash, 1999). LOXs are expressed in immune, neural, epithelial, tumor cells and other cells (Claesson, 20
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A characteristic of iron present
2024-03-12
A characteristic of iron present in brain fluids is considerable differences between measured values of ferritin and transferrin and the total iron content value (Table 1). Variation of the latter is compatible with differences in individual metabolisms. However differences between total iron conten
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