• br Conclusions br Introduction G

  2022-03-07

  

  Conclusions Introduction G protein-coupled receptors (GPRs) share common structural motifs, including seven transmembrane helices, and the ability to activate heterotrimeric G proteins such as Gs, Gi, Gq and G12/13. A variety of GPR cellular functions are mediated by second messengers such as

• br Introduction Over the past two

  2022-03-07

  

  Introduction Over the past two decades, the prevalence of obesity and obesity-associated metabolic diseases, such as T2D, insulin resistance, atherosclerosis and stroke, have been dramatically increased globally [1], [2], and obesity has been suggested to be the leading cause of the reduced life

• The use of HIV peptide epitope

  2022-03-07

  

  The use of HIV-1 peptide epitope-based vaccines is safer and cheaper than live or inactivated vaccines [8]. However, peptide epitope vaccines could show poor immunogenicity and have poor uptake by APCs [9]. Nevertheless, nanocarrier-based delivery platforms have been demonstrated to enhance the pept

• GCK MODY is the most common form of MODY diabetes

  2022-03-04

  

  GCK-MODY is the most common form of MODY diabetes in many populations (Chevre et al., 1998; Massa et al., 2001; Barrio et al., 2002; Estalella et al., 2007; Pruhova et al., 2010; Capuano et al., 2012; Giuffrida et al., 2017). However, data about GCK-MODY among North African populations are very rare

• DCC-2036 The in vivo biological activity of

  2022-03-04

  

  The in vivo biological activity of the four novel analogues was then systematically assessed in three animal models including normal control, high fat fed and ob/ob mice. As expected from earlier in vitro studies, all four glucagon receptor antagonists had minor effects on glucose or insulin concent

• The findings in this study may represent an example

  2022-03-04

  

  The findings in this study may represent an example of a more general phenomenon, namely that the exquisite specificity of the G protein-coupled receptors that mediate the physiological actions of the BMS-833923 family hormones in mammals may have arisen relatively late in evolution. In non-mammalia

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction When human red blood cell

  2022-03-04

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction When human red blood cell (hRBC) membranes are depolarized, either as intact AZD1080 suspended in depolarizing (low Cl−) Ringers or under voltage clamp conditions using excised inside-out patches, they respond by opening a nonselective voltage-dependent cation (NS

• In the a first in vitro indication of modulation

  2022-03-04

  

  In the 2003, a first in vitro indication of modulation of FXR expression in CRC showed that FXR expression was absent in undifferentiated colon carcinoma cell line SW480, while it was progressively increasing along with the degree of cell differentiation in Caco2 and HT29 cells, and its transcriptio

• br Author contributions br Conflict of interests br Acknowle

  2022-03-04

  

  Author contributions Conflict of interests Acknowledgements This work was supported by NIH grant DK098730 to NHM. Free fatty acids play important roles in biological processes contributing to both health and disease. As essential nutritional components, free fatty acids are utilized as b

• For our test subjects we used established high fat

  2022-03-04

  

  For our test subjects, we used established high fat diet–induced obese (eDIO) male mices T2DM models. The establishment of eDIO mice was accomplished with a 60% high fat diet ad libitum over a 14 week period (initiated at 6 weeks of age). Compared with regularly-dieted mice, the eDIO ones weigh sign

• br Acknowledgments The breast cancer laboratory

  2022-03-03

  

  Acknowledgments The breast cancer laboratory is supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) grants no. 1016701, no. 1024852, no. 1086727; NHMRC IRIISS; the Victorian State Government through VCA funding of the Victorian Breast Cancer Research Consortium and Op

• Although histamine can induce both proliferation and

  2022-03-03

  

  Although histamine can induce both proliferation and differentiation in vitro (Molina-Hernandez and Velasco, 2008), the promotion of neurogenesis conferred by H3R antagonism here does not seem to be caused by either the proliferation or the reduction of apoptosis of NSCs (Figure S3). Furthermore, H3

• br Materials and methods br

  2022-03-03

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Numerous studies have identified important roles for HIF-1α in cellular function and dysfunction through its transcriptional activity [4]. A few studies have reported that HIF-1α is translocated to the mitochondria in human and mouse cancer cell line

• Considering that TGF plays a

  2022-03-03

  

  Considering that TGF-β1 plays a pivotal role in inflammation, renal fibrosis, cell growth, differentiation, and apoptosis, it has been viewed as a vital mediator in kidney disease [49,50]. Studies have demonstrated that TGF-β1 is upregulated in both human and experimental kidney diseases [51,52]. TG

• br Soluble guanylyl cyclase nitric oxide and

  2022-03-03

  

  Soluble guanylyl cyclase, nitric oxide and nitric oxide synthase The primary and best-studied endogenous activator of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) is nitric oxide (NO), which was originally describe as endothelium-derived relaxing factor for its potent ability to relax blood vessels in response

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