• The first description of autophagy as a

  2024-10-28

  

  The first description of autophagy as a tumour suppression process arises from the observation that the initial step regulatory gene, Atg6/BECN1, was monoallelically lost in 40% to 75% of human prostate, breast, and ovarian cancers [31]. However, while BECN1 heterozygous mutant mice develop, with lo

• br ACL A Metabolic Checkpoint for Sensing

  2024-10-28

  

  ACL: A Metabolic Checkpoint for Sensing Excess Nutrients? During normal transitions between fasting and feeding, cells maintain energy homeostasis by integrating energy and nutrient status signals at key metabolic nodes, coordinating multiple processes. For example, the AMP-activated protein kina

• Among all the polysaccharide derivatives cationic carbohydra

  2024-10-26

  

  Among all the polysaccharide derivatives, cationic carbohydrate polymers such as quaternary ammonium salts and quaternary phosphonium salts have been the most popular and most efficient target E-64d receptor in medical applications [24] and water treatment [25]. Recently, quaternary phosphonium salt

• The major phase trial NCT enrolled participants with mild

  2024-10-26

  

  The major phase 2 trial (NCT01343966) enrolled 431 participants with mild to moderate AD who received either low-dose SC crenezumab 300 mg or placebo biweekly (n = 184) or high-dose intravenous crenezumab 15 mg/kg or placebo every 4 weeks (n = 247) for 68 weeks 38, 40. No significant treatment benef

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2024-10-26

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Several major signaling and developmental pathways (e.g. EGFR, ALK, KRAS, TGFβ, Notch and Wnt/β-catenin) have been shown to be involved in lung carcinogenesis and they are being exploited as targets of the non-small cell lung cancer therapy (for revi

• According to their structures and substrate

  2024-10-26

  

  According to their structures and substrate specificity, MMPs are divided into five major groups: collagenases (e.g., MMP1), gelatinases (e.g., MMP2, MMP9), stromelysins (e.g., MMP3, MMP10), matrilysins (e.g., MMP7), and membrane-type MMPs [7]. Among them, MMP1 is a major collagenase that degrades t

• There are two ways to

  2024-10-26

  

  There are two ways to transport FFAs into cells. First by passive diffusion. Second as the putative long-chain fatty lipid peroxide transporters are proposed, CD36 the plasma membrane-associated fatty acid-binding protein (FABPpm) and fatty acid transport proteins (FATP) [11], where CD36 is respons

• Corticosterone induced inhibition of OCT mediated

  2024-10-26

  

  Corticosterone-induced inhibition of OCT-mediated transport is rapid and appears to involve direct interaction of the steroid with the transporter at a specific site. Volk et al. (2003) studied OCT2-mediated transport by measuring substrate-induced currents using patch clamp of Xenopus oocytes exoge

• We have previously shown that the

  2024-10-26

  

  We have previously shown that the human gonadotropins hLH and hCG trigger a partly irreversible stimulation of intracellular cyclic AMP accumulation in mouse Leydig Tumor Bufalin (MLTC) in contrast to all other tested mammalian LHs and CG (Klett et al., 2016). In order to get a better insight in th

• br ATX LPA pathway in

  2024-10-25

  

  ATX–LPA pathway in animal models of rheumatoid arthritis Several animal models have been used to characterize the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of arthritis and to test new therapeutic strategies. The collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model (Courtenay et al., 1980, Luross and Williams, 2

• br Acknowledgements Authors wish to thank Sabanci University

  2024-10-25

  

  Acknowledgements Authors wish to thank Sabanci University (Turkey), Tubitak (Cost Eu-Ros, 113Z463), and the University of Turin (Italy) for supporting this work. Beyza Vurusaner is supported by Sabanci University Post-doctoral research scholarship. Introduction Endometriosis is defined as the

• br Crystal structure ACLY protein

  2024-10-25

  

  Crystal structure ACLY protein is a homotetramer of four identical subunits [9]. Each polypeptide chain contains 1101 amino-acid residues [10]. The crystal structure of full-length ACLY protein is yet unresolved. However, Sun et al. recently succeeded in crystallizing chymotrypsin-truncated human

• br Synthetic lethal approaches In addition to the potential

  2024-10-25

  

  Synthetic lethal approaches In addition to the potential utility of ATM and ATR as chemo- or radiosensitisers, recent studies suggest that such compounds may have single agent activity in certain subsets of patients through induction of synthetic lethality. Two genes are considered synthetically

• The zinc transporter proteins are members

  2024-10-25

  

  The zinc transporter proteins are members of the SLC superfamily of metal transporters, and comprise two structurally and functionally different groups, the zinc-importer (ZIP; Zrt-, Irt-like proteins) family (SLC39A), which regulate zinc transport into the cytoplasm from outside the cell and from i

• br Introduction It is well

  2024-10-25

  

  Introduction It is well known that when epithelial cells are deprived of anchorage, they undergo detachment-induced apoptosis, also known as anoikis. Cancer cells, by contrast, are able to suppress anoikis and survive under anchorage -independent conditions in the circulating system, which is tho

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