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br Acknowledgment br Introduction The yeast Cdc ATPase and
2024-11-19
Acknowledgment Introduction The yeast Cdc48 ATPase and its metazoan ortholog p97 (or VCP) are critical components of many ubiquitin-dependent cellular pathways that require the segregation of individual proteins from binding partners or membranes (for review, see Buchberger, 2013, Meyer and We
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Several in vivo and in vitro studies
2024-11-19
Several in vivo and in vitro studies have demonstrated changes in bioactive lipid profiles under hyperglycemic conditions and have linked these changes with increased leukocyte adhesion and vascular dysfunction during diabetes. This input has originated partly from lipidomic studies that showed elev
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Treatment of all of the GYN cancer cells
2024-11-19
Treatment of all of the GYN cancer Nicotinamide in this study with ATRi not only reduced phosphorylation of Chk1 at Ser345 following genotoxic stress, but also phosphorylation of ATM. Loss of phospho-ATM following ATRi treatment is not likely due to non-specific targeting of ATM by ETP-46464 [28].
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br Materials and methods br Results br Discussion Despite
2024-11-19
Materials and methods Results Discussion Despite the relative complexity of immunotherapy, such treatment may have an important role, in conjunction with other therapies in the treatment of cancer refractory to conventional treatments alone. Clinical studies have recently shown that adding
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Oocytes from the African clawed
2024-11-19
Oocytes from the African clawed frog Xenopus laevis have been widely used as an expression system to study the modulation of NMDA receptors by metabotropic receptors, such as metabotropic glutamate receptors [12], μ opioid receptors [13], insulin receptors [14] and serotonin receptors [15]. No data
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br Conclusions A large body of evidence indicates that
2024-11-19
Conclusions A large body of evidence indicates that oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of NDDs. Hence, reducing oxidative stress or suppressing its downstream pathways may be beneficial for the treatment of these diseases, especially such chronic diseases as AD or glaucoma. Here we
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Although the interactions of PhLP with G
2024-11-19
Although the interactions of PhLP with Gβγ and its other partners have been convincingly documented through in vitro studies, it is not clear how PhLP controls PD173955 signaling in vivo. C. elegans provides a powerful genetic model to analyze Phosducin function and study its interacting partners in
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Hyperactivity of the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal
2024-11-18
Hyperactivity of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which is well described in MDD (Pariante and Lightman, 2008, Marques et al., 2009), is also observed in AD and results in increased glucocorticoid (GC, cortisol in primates) levels in blood and CSF (Davis et al., 1986, Martignoni et al.
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Spectroscopic techniques are powerful biophysical tools used
2024-11-18
Spectroscopic techniques are powerful biophysical tools used in the study of biomolecular structures, including those of proteins. UV–Vis Adriamycin spectroscopy makes use of absorption property of the protein peptide backbone at around 218 nm, and aromatic amino acid residues primarily at around 2
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Interestingly intermittent high doses of AKT inhibitors
2024-11-18
Interestingly, intermittent high doses of AKT inhibitors have been shown to be a more effective strategy both clinically and pre-clinically. High doses appear to be required for induction of apoptosis and intermittent schedules overcome the low therapeutic index of these compounds. This is particula
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br AHR expression in cancer Perhaps the earliest indicator t
2024-11-18
AHR expression in cancer Perhaps the earliest indicator that the AHR might play an ongoing role in tumorigenesis, independent of its role in generating mutations, was the demonstration that non-genotoxic 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo(p)dioxin (TCDD) is a carcinogen in animals and humans [7]. Althoug
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The direction of glutamate transport by
2024-11-18
The direction of glutamate transport by the cell membrane transporter is reversible. As mentioned above, glutamate transport is an electrogenic process associated with a transmembrane ion gradient established by the Na+-K+ pump through hydrolysis of adenosine triphosphate. Under conditions of energy
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br Methods br Results br
2024-11-18
Methods Results Discussion Adiponectin is naturally expressed and secreted exclusively from adipocytes, and adiponectin levels and its isoforms in circulation have recently been reported to highly associate with human coronary artery disease (CAD) [46], [47], [48], [49], these studies clear
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Similar to V the temporal neocortex of mammals
2024-11-18
Similar to V1, the temporal neocortex of mammals, including the primary auditory cortex (A1), is densely innervated by 5-HT fibers originating mainly in the dorsal raphe nucleus (Campbell et al., 1987, Harding and Paxinos, 2004, Törk, 1990), and the major bromophenol blue of 5-HTRs are expressed thr
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In young animals the HT A
2024-11-18
In young animals, the 5-HT2A MC 1568 antagonist ketanserin, at relatively low concentrations, shifted 5-HT concentration-response curves rightward, suggesting a role for 5-HT2A receptors in mediating 5-HT-induced contractions of the ureter. The slopes of the ketanserin Schild plots for the antagoni