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br Electron crystallographic structures of connexins The str
2021-11-04
Electron crystallographic structures of connexins The structures of gap junctions are good targets for electron microscopy because they exhibit the characteristic features of self-assembly. Early studies examined the three-dimensional (3D) structures of native gap junction alkaline phosphatase in
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Some but not all GSIs inhibit signal peptide peptidases as
2021-11-04
Some, but not all, GSIs inhibit signal peptide peptidases as well, though this has not been systemically studied [36], [41]. When considering biological activities of various GSIs this is an important and understudied caveat that could influence both biological response as well as potential toxiciti
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The sexual dimorphism in dlGALR a
2021-11-04
The sexual dimorphism in dlGALR1a and dlGALR1b receptors found in the gonads of adult fish led us to hypothesize that the gene expression difference between female and males might be attributed to the differences in steroid production between female and male gonads. Interestingly we have found that
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Moreover studies on subcellular localization of FBPase in
2021-11-04
Moreover, studies on subcellular localization of FBPase in carp heart and smooth muscle revealed nuclear localization of the enzyme. Previously, we have unequivocally demonstrated the presence of FBPase in the nuclei of mammalian cardiomyocytes (Gizak and Dzugaj, 2003) and myocytes (Gizak et al., 20
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br Formation of secretory vesicles
2021-11-04
Formation of secretory vesicles and trafficking toward plasma membrane Insulin and other components of the secretory granules are sorting and providing certain cues for CH 223191 off the adjacent TGN membrane, forming immature secretory clathrin coated vesicles (Gehart and Ricci, 2013). Bin/Amph
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Liposomes that are less than nm
2021-11-04
Liposomes that are less than 200nm in diameter are necessary to optimize uptake of liposomes by Caspase-4 Colorimetric Assay Kit receptor (Oesterling et al., 2014). The liposomes constructed in these experiments were found to be sufficiently small in diameter for use in in vivo and in vitro experim
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br Conclusion The histamine H receptor has been the focus
2021-11-04
Conclusion The histamine H3 receptor has been the focus of a great deal of research over the past four decades and in this context, substantial progress has been made in developing H3R-related ligands. The involvement of H3Rs in many neurological disorders has been documented by several lines of
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Studies of early cell fate specification in the mouse embryo
2021-11-03
Studies of early cell fate specification in the mouse embryo have identified a role for differential Motin localization in controlling Hippo signaling [88]. At the 32-cell stage, mouse blastomeres are subdivided into inner cells, which form the inner cell mass (ICM), and outer cells, which form the
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br Author Contributions br Acknowledgments We thank Hiroyuki
2021-11-03
Author Contributions Acknowledgments We thank Hiroyuki Miyoshi, Makoto Nakanishi, Yoshikazu Johmura, Yuki Okada, Yoshinori Makino, Takashi Sutani, and Katsuhiko Shirahige for kindly providing materials and technical information, Shiho Takahashi-Kariyazono for technical advice, and all members
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The present results indicate that
2021-11-03
The present results indicate that oxidative damage in CFS muscles is not due to the decline in the efficiency of antioxidative enzymes. This suggests that there is an increase in the generation of reactive oxygen species consistent with a mitochondrial origin of the damage. Mitochondria represent th
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Both plant hormones and some second messengers
2021-11-03
Both plant hormones and some second messengers are involved in Fe-deficiency-related responses in plants (Kobayashi and Nishizawa, 2012). Among these second messengers, nitric oxide (NO) accumulation was induced by Fe deficiencies in tomato and Arabidopsis roots, and it acts as the downstream signal
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Restless running behavior was first
2021-11-03
‘Restless running behavior’ was first described in mice after administration of 30mg/kg i.p. ALX-5407 and was thought to be due to an augmentation of NMDA-induced dopamine activity [27]. The motor impairments caused by ALX-5407 were confirmed by Perry et al. [10] and extended to another sarcosine-de
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br Experimental br Acknowledgment This
2021-11-03
Experimental Acknowledgment This work was supported in part by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan. Glyoxalase I (GLO1) is a zinc enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of a hemithioacetal, formed from glut
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NEIL interacts with many DNA
2021-11-03
NEIL1 interacts with many DNA replication proteins including flap-endonuclease 1 (FEN-1), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and Werner RecQ helicase (WRN) through its disordered C-terminal part. One study showed that in in vitro condition, NEIL1 binds to the damaged WEHI-539 in an RPA-coat
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br Brief overview of the glutamate system and rationale for
2021-11-03
Brief overview of the glutamate system and rationale for targeting the glycine site of NMDARs In the central nervous system (CNS), glutamate is the major excitatory neurotransmitter and works in concert with gamma-aminobutyric integrin signaling pathway (GABA), the primary inhibitory neurotransmi
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