• Na K ATPase adenosine triphosphate ATP and

  2022-10-09

  

  Na+/K+-ATPase, 96 7 mg and astrocytic glutamate transporters act together to maintain sodium and potassium gradients and the proper activities of EAAT1 and EAAT2 (Rose et al., 2009; Sheean et al., 2013); nevertheless, in present study, Na+/K+-ATPase activity was shown to be increased as from 24 h.

• Introduction The West syndrome or epilepsy with epileptic

  2022-10-09

  

  Introduction The West syndrome or epilepsy with epileptic spasms (ES) is an epileptic encephalopathy in early infancy with probable seizure-related developmental regression. According to the United Kingdom Infantile Spams Study (UKISS), common causes of infantile spasms include hypoxic-ischemic enc

• To confirm the in vitro findings atorvastatin or

  2022-10-09

  

  To confirm the in vitro findings, atorvastatin or pravastatin was given to C57BL6/J mice fed with high fat diet. Doses of atorvastatin were set to be 6 mg/kg and 12 mg/kg, which were within clinical therapeutic doses. The results revealed that treatment of atorvastatin but not pravastatin impaired g

• Limitations of our study are the

  2022-10-09

  

  Limitations of our study are the following: we did not measure central energy metabolism in parallel, so we can only hypothesize that GLUT1 hypermethylation may be associated with alterations in central glucose metabolism. We did not measure GLUT1/GLUT4 gene expression or glucose uptake, so that we

• So far only few studies report about GAL in

  2022-10-09

  

  So far only few studies report about GAL in the visual system: GAL has been detected in the cornea of rat (Jones and Marfurt, 1998), mouse (Henken and Martin, 1992) and pig (Stone et al., 1988), and in the uvea of rat (Strömberg et al., 1987), pig (Stone et al., 1988) and cat (Grimes et al., 1994),

• Homeobox genes can promote oncogenesis through

  2022-10-08

  

  Homeobox genes can promote oncogenesis through multiple mechanisms, including gene translocation, loss of heterozygosity, gene amplification, DNA methylation, carboxypeptidase remodeling, etc. For instance, translocation-mediated fusion of HOXA9 or HOXA13 on chromosome 7p15 with the nucleoporin gene

• The recent identification of new mechanisms for triggering f

  2022-10-08

  

  The recent identification of new mechanisms for triggering ferroptosis, by compounds termed FIN56 and FINO2, provided new insights into regulation of ferroptosis. FINO2 acts through a distinct mechanism: it promotes lipid peroxidation by oxidizing iron and indirectly inactivating GPX4 [180]. FIN56 w

• Glucose metabolic pathways are well defined

  2022-10-08

  

  Glucose metabolic pathways are well defined but the subcellular organization of these pathways is poorly understood in liver and kidney. Several factors affect the net flux of gluconeogenesis and allow the neutrophil elastase inhibitor to respond to physiological changes [1]. Ovadi and Srere have s

• Recent studies are beginning to explore this complex interpl

  2022-10-08

  

  Recent studies are beginning to explore this complex interplay of pathways. For example, intracellular trafficking of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)(PLGA) based nanoparticles was studied in detail using 30 different Rab proteins as markers for intracellular transport vesicles (involved in exocytosis

• The comparatively low number of H R agonists

  2022-10-08

  

  The comparatively low number of H1R agonists is contrasted by the high number of diverse H1R antagonists. Based on pharmacological classification, they are grouped into different generations by considering their target as well as side effects profile. The first generation “antihistamines” consist of

• br Multiple sclerosis MS is an immune mediated disease of

  2022-10-05

  

  Multiple sclerosis MS is an immune-mediated disease of the human CNS with a pathological signature featuring immunocyte infiltration, altered cytokine production, oligodendroglial degeneration, astrogliosis, microglial activation, multifocal demyelination and axonal degeneration (Schipper, 2004b)

• br Hedgehog in chronic liver

  2022-10-04

  

  Hedgehog in chronic liver disease The liver responds to different chronic insults with a highly conserved wound healing response during which different cell types must communicate to reconstruct fully functional, healthy liver parenchyma. The inter-cellular dialogue that orchestrates effective li

• Spatial localization of zGC and zGCAP transcripts by in

  2022-10-04

  

  Spatial localization of zGC and zGCAP transcripts by in situ hybridization was detected in the ONL. No transcripts were detected in the outermost periphery of the photoreceptor cell layer adjacent to the marginal zone. This region is described as the area of cone genesis and maturation [29], which f

• Decreased ratio of Treg TH is reported to correlate with

  2022-10-04

  

  Decreased ratio of Treg/TH17 is reported to correlate with MS disease severity [63]. Treg glucagon receptor are the major anti-inflammatory subset of T cells which suppress proinflammatory T-cells by producing anti-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-10 and TGF-β, as well as play a critical role in

• In addition to redox stress

  2022-10-04

  

  In addition to redox stress, nutritional intake plays a key role in modulating energy metabolism. DIO animal models are commonly used to study altered metabolic changes consequential to fat storage within various fat pads. In general, diets containing >40% high-fat lard, milk, and butter promote exc

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